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So called carbon guitar strings are not carbon fiber - they got called that as a short cut for fluorocarbon - they are actually better called a Fluoropolymer. Teflon is the familiar name - but there are several others.
There are several fluoropolymers - I think they are using PVDF(PolyVinyliDene Fluoride )
From somewhere:
It was invented in 1969 by the Kureha Corporation, of Japan , as a UV resistant 'invisible' fishing line. Fluorocarbon strings for guitars, violins, lutes and harps were developed jointly with Savarez Strings, of France , and Savarez markets them under the name 'Alliance KF'. They are composed of numerous fibre strands, but are not 'carbon fiber', as that is a different material entirely, and is black in color.
More dynamic range than nylon and a good life span. Fluorocarbon is not much affected by changes in humidity. They are more durable than nylon, and are denser, thus thinner, for the same tension. They are also supple to the touch, and they stretch significantly more initially than nylon (start with no slack when winding on). Fluorocarbon is monofilament, so there's no over-wrapped wound strings in the midrange like nylon.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoropolymer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinylidene_fluoride
http://www.kureha.co.jp/en/business/material/kfpolymer.html
Sadly, there is a bunch of marketing hype about strings -
D'Addarío Pro Arté EJ46FF - hard tension or EJ45FF Normal Tension.
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